Sulfuric Acid (H₂SO₄) Product Introduction

1. Product Overview

2. Physical and Chemical Properties

3. Key Chemical Characteristics

Unique Properties

Reactivity

• Acid-Base Reactions: Reacts with bases to form sulfates and bisulfates
• Oxidation Reactions: Oxidizes metals and non-metals, releasing sulfur dioxide
• Dehydration Reactions: Removes water from organic compounds, leaving carbon
• Esterification Reactions: Reacts with alcohols to form sulfates

Hazardous Properties

• Corrosiveness: Highly corrosive to metals, skin, and eyes
• Toxicity: LD50 2140 mg/kg (rat, oral)
• Environmental Hazard: Harmful to aquatic life

4. Applications

Chemical Industry

• Production of Fertilizers: Used in the production of ammonium sulfate and superphosphate
• Manufacturing of Chemicals: Used in the production of detergents, dyes, and explosives
• Petroleum Refining: Used in the refining of petroleum products
• Battery Production: Used as an electrolyte in lead-acid batteries

Metal Processing

• Pickling: Used to remove rust and scale from metal surfaces
• Electroplating: Used in electroplating processes
• Metal Finishing: Used in metal finishing processes

Pharmaceutical Industry

• Manufacturing of Drugs: Used in the production of various drugs and pharmaceutical products
• pH Adjustment: Used to adjust pH in pharmaceutical formulations
• Synthesis: Used in the synthesis of pharmaceutical intermediates

Other Applications

• Water Treatment: Used in water treatment processes for pH adjustment and coagulation
• Textile Industry: Used in dyeing and finishing textiles
• Paper Industry: Used in the production of paper and pulp
• Laboratory: Used as a reagent in various laboratory experiments

5. Safety and Handling

Exposure Limits

• TLV-TWA: 1 mg/m³ (ACGIH)
• IDLH: 15 mg/m³ (NIOSH)
• STEL: 2 mg/m³ (ACGIH)

Personal Protective Equipment

• Respiratory Protection: Use NIOSH-approved respirator in areas with potential exposure
• Eye Protection: Wear chemical splash goggles or face shield
• Skin Protection: Wear chemical-resistant gloves and protective clothing
• Foot Protection: Wear safety shoes with non-slip soles

Emergency Procedures

• Inhalation: Move to fresh air immediately. If breathing stops, perform CPR
• Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing and rinse with water for at least 15 minutes
• Eye Contact: Rinse eyes with water for at least 20 minutes and seek medical attention
• Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting. Seek medical attention immediately

6. Quality Standards

Industrial Grade (GB/T 534-2014)

• Sulfuric Acid Content: ≥98.0% (一等品), ≥92.5% (合格品)
• Iron Content: ≤0.01% (一等品), ≤0.02% (合格品)
• Arsenic Content: ≤0.0001% (一等品), ≤0.0005% (合格品)

Reagent Grade (ACS)

• Purity: ≥95.0%
• Water Content: ≤0.05%
• Residue on Evaporation: ≤0.001%

7. Packaging and Storage

Packaging Options

• Plastic Drums: 25kg, 200kg
• IBC Containers: 1000kg
• Bulk Tankers: For large volume shipments

Storage Conditions

• Store in a cool, well-ventilated area away from heat sources
• Maintain storage temperature between 15-25°C
• Keep containers tightly sealed to prevent evaporation
• Separate from strong oxidizers, bases, and organic materials

8. Transportation

• Hazard Class: 8 (Corrosive)
• UN Number: 1830
• Packing Group: II
• Special Precautions: Ensure proper labeling and documentation for transport

9. Environmental Impact

Biodegradability

• Sulfuric acid is not biodegradable in the environment
• Can cause water and soil pollution

Air Quality

• Contributes to acid rain when released into the atmosphere
• Can react with hydroxyl radicals in the atmosphere

Water Quality

• Low concentrations are not harmful to aquatic life
• High concentrations can cause oxygen depletion in water bodies

10. Quality Assurance

• Stringent Quality Control: Multiple testing stages throughout production
• Traceability: Complete batch tracking and documentation
• Compliance: Meets international standards and regulatory requirements
• Technical Support: Professional team available for product application guidance

References

1. Merck Millipore - Sulfuric Acid
2. Chemical Book - Sulfuric Acid
3. Sigma-Aldrich - Sulfuric Acid
4. GB/T 534-2014 - Industrial Sulfuric Acid
5. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards